Glossary of Grammar Terms
This glossary includes a complete list of the grammar terms and definitions covered in our free grammar lessons, with convenient links to the lessons relating to each grammar term.
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Abstract nouns name ideas, characteristics, or qualities, such as courage, pride, goodness, and success. Lesson 19
Action verbs are verbs that show action. Action verbs are
the most common verbs. Lessons 1,
3,
5,
10, &
15
Adjective prepositional phrase - a prepositional phrase that is
used as an adjective telling, which or what kind, and
modifying a noun or pronoun. An adjective prepositional phrase
will come right after the noun or pronoun that it modifies. If there are
two adjective prepositional phrases together, one will follow the other.
Only adjective prepositional phrases modify the object of the
preposition in another prepositional phrase. Lessons
176,
177,
180,
181,
182,
183,
184, &
185
Adjective clause - a dependent clause that is used to modify a
noun or a pronoun. It will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whose,
whom, which, and that) or a subordinate conjunction (when
and where). Those are the only words that can be used to
introduce an adjective clause. The introductory word will always
rename the word that it follows and modifies except when used with a
preposition, which will come between the introductory word and the word
it renames. Lessons
251,
252,
253,
254,
255,
256,
257,
258,
259, &
260
Adjective infinitive - an infinitive that is an
adjective. They modify nouns or pronouns. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten. Lessons
224 &
225
Adjectives modify or affect the meaning of nouns and pronouns and
tell us which, whose, what kind, and how many about the nouns or
pronouns they modify. They generally come before the noun or
pronoun they modify, but there are exceptions to that rule. There
are seven (7) words in the English language that are always adjectives.
They are the articles a, an, and the and the possessives
my, our, your, and their (the possessives are from the
possessive pronoun list, but are always used with nouns as adjectives). Lessons
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
151,
152,
153,
154, &
155
Adverb clause - a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. (These are just some of the more common adverb clauses.) Lessons 261,
262,
263,
264,
265,
266,
267,
268,
269,
& 270
Adverb infinitives are infinitives that are used to modify verbs. They usually tell why. Adverb infinitives are also used to modify predicate adjectives. They may also be compound. Lessons 231,
232,
233,
234, &
235
Adverb prepositional phrase - a prepositional phrase used as an
adverb telling how, when, where, how much, and why and
modifying the verb and sometimes an adjective. Adverb prepositional
phrases can come anywhere in the sentence and can be moved within
the sentence without changing the meaning. Lessons
178,
179,
180,
181,
182,
183,
184, &
185
Adverbial nouns (adverbial objectives) are nouns used as adverbs.
They usually tell amount, weight, time, distance, direction, or
value. They can have adjectives modifying them. Example: He
waited two days. Lesson 164
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They tell
how (manner), when (time), where (place), how much
(degree), and why (cause). Why is a common one-word adverb
that tells why. Adverbs that tell us how, when, where, and why
always modify the verb. Adverbs that tell us how much modify
adjectives or other adverbs (these adverbs must come before the word
they modify). Examples: He kicked the ball solidly. (how);
He kicked the ball immediately. (when); He kicked the ball
forward. (where); He kicked the ball too hard. (how much). Lessons
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70,
161,
162,
163,
164,
165,
166,
167,
168,
169, &
170
Antecedent - the word for which the pronoun stands. An example would be: The boy threw the football. He threw it over the fence. Boy is the antecedent for he, and football is the
antecedent for it. A pronoun can also be an antecedent for
another pronoun. For example: He likes his new car.
He is the antecedent for his. The antecedent always comes before the pronoun for which it is the antecedent. Lesson 22
Appositive a word, or group of words, that identifies or renames the noun or pronoun that it follows. Commas set off an appositive, unless it is closely tied to the word that it identifies or renames. ("Closely tied" means that it is needed to identify the word.) Examples: My son Carl
is a medical technician. (no commas) Badger, our dog with a
missing leg, has a love for cats. (commas needed) Appositives
should not be confused with predicate nominatives. A verb will separate
the subject from the predicate nominative. An appositive can
follow any noun or pronoun including the subject, direct object, or
predicate nominative. Lessons
126,
127,
128,
129,
130,
134, &
135
Articles are the adjectives a, an, and the. Lessons
41
& 42
Case means that a different form of a pronoun is used for different parts of the sentence. There are three cases: nominative, objective, and possessive. Lessons 136,
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142,
143,
144, &
145
Clause - a group of words having a subject and a verb (predicate). Lessons
246,
247,
248,
249,
250,
251,
252,
253,
254,
255,
256,
257,
258,
259,
260,
261,
262,
263,
264,
265,
266,
267,
268,
269,
270,
271,
272,
273,
274,
275,
276,
277,
278,
279,
280,
286,
287,
288,
289,
290,
291,
292,
293,
294,
&
295
Co-ordinate conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank. There are two kinds: simple and correlative. Simple co-ordinate conjunctions will be referred to as co-ordinate conjunctions in our lessons. The co-ordinate conjunctions are the following: and, but, or, nor, for, and yet. (For and yet can only join clauses.) Lessons
76,
77,
78,
79,
201,
202,
203,
204, &
205
Collective nouns name groups, such as team, class,
and choir. Lesson 20
Comparative form compares two things or persons. Examples: newer, more careless, better. Lessons 56,
57, &
58
Complex sentence - a sentence made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. Example: The television was playing (independent clause which can stand alone and make sense) as I left the room (dependent clause which must be attached to the independent clause to make sense). There are three kinds of dependent clauses: adjective, adverb, and noun. Lessons
251,
294,
& 295
Compound nouns are made up of more than one word, such as dining room, Bill of Rights, Jeff Hansen, and homerun. Compound nouns can also be concrete or abstract. Lesson 19
Compound sentence - a combination of two or more independent clauses. Commas separate the clauses of a compound sentence. (A short sentence joined by and is sometimes combined without a comma.) Example: She talks and he listens. A semicolon can take the place of the conjunction and comma. Only clauses closely related in thought should be joined to make a compound sentence. Lessons
246,
247,
248,
249,
250,
286,
287,
288,
289,
290,
291,
292,
293,
294,
& 295
Compound verb - when two or more verbs are in a sentence. A compound verb is joined by either a co-ordinate conjunction or a correlative conjunction. Example: The bell rang and rang. Lesson 98
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Concrete nouns name things that exist physically as sidewalk,
bird, toy, hair, and rain. Lesson 19
Conjunction - a word that joins other words, phrases (groups of
words), or clauses (groups of words with a subject and verb). Lessons
76,
77,
78,
79,
80,
81,
82,
83,
84,
201,
202,
203,
204, &
205
Correlative conjunctions are co-ordinate conjunctions and are
always in pairs. They are either-or, neither-nor, both-and, not
only-but also, and whether-or. Lessons
76,
80,
81,
82,
83,
201,
202,
203,
204, &
205
Count nouns are nouns that can be counted. You can use a,
an, many, or a number before count nouns. Examples
include: one boy, six sheep, and many days. Lesson 20
Declarative sentence - a sentence that makes a statement.
Example: The assignment is due tomorrow. Lesson
91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96,
331, &
335
Demonstrative pronouns are pronouns that point out. They include: this, that, these, and those. For example: That is my hat. I like these not those. Lessons
27 &
30
Dependent clause - a clause that is always used as some part of speech. It can be an adjective, adverb, or noun and cannot stand alone as a sentence. Lessons
246,
247,
248,
249,
250,
251,
252,
253,
254,
255,
256,
257,
258,
259,
260,
261,
262,
263,
264,
265,
266,
267,
268,
269,
270,
271,
272,
273,
274,
275,
276,
277,
278,
279,
280,
286,
287,
288,
289,
290,
291,
292,
293,
294,
& 295
Direct object - receives the action performed by the subject. The verb used with a direct object is always an action verb. Example: The car hit the tree. To find the direct object, say the subject and verb followed by whom or what. The car hit whom or what? Tree answers the question so tree is the direct object. The direct object must be a noun or pronoun. A direct object will never be in a prepositional phrase. The direct object will not equal the subject as the predicate nominative, nor does it have a linking verb as a predicate nominative sentences does. Lessons
106,
107,
108,
109, &
110
Elliptical clauses - an adverb clause that uses than
and as to introduce the clause. That means they have some of
their parts understood but not stated. Example: You are smarter than
I. (am smart.) They always modify the comparative word (smarter). Lessons
263,
264,
265, &
270
Exclamatory sentence - a sentence that shows strong feeling. Declarative, imperative, or interrogative sentences can be made into exclamatory sentences by punctuating them with an exclamation point. Examples: The assignment is due tomorrow! Stop! Do you know that man! Lesson
91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96, 334, &
335
First person pronouns are when a pronoun refers to the speaker or speakers. First person pronouns include: I, my, mine, me, myself, we, our, ours, us, ourselves. They are also considered personal pronouns. Lessons 21
Gerund - a verbal that always ends in ing and is used as a noun. Example: Eating is fun. The gerund can be a subject (Eating is fun.); a direct object (I like eating.); a predicate nominative (A fun time is eating.); an appositive (A fun time, eating, takes much time.); an indirect object (I give
eating too much time.); or an object of a preposition (I give much time
to eating.) Lessons
206,
207,
208,
209,
210,
211,
212,
213,
214,
215,
236,
237,
238,
239, &
240
Gerund phrase - a phrase that is made up of direct objects,
predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives, or modifiers. Example:
Eating solid foods is hard for babies. Eating is the gerund used
as the subject of the verb is. It has its own direct object
foods with the adjective solid, which together make up the
gerund phrase eating solid foods serving as the subject of the
sentence. Lessons
212,
213,
214,
215,
236,
237,
238,
239, &
240
Helping
verbs are verbs used to make verb phrases. Lessons
4,
5,
7,
8,
12,
14, &
15. There are twenty-three (23) helping verbs that should be memorized since
they are used so often. They are usually grouped in the following
five groups:
Group 1: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
Group 2: has, have, had
Group 3: do, does, did
Group 4: shall, will, should, would
Group 5: may, might, must, can, could Imperative sentence - a sentence that gives a command or makes a request. Examples: Hand it in now. Stop. Lessons 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 332, & 335 Indefinite pronouns point out generally, instead of pointing out specifically. Indefinite pronouns include such words as another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, many, neither, nobody, none, no one, one, other, others, some, somebody, and someone. Lessons 28 & 30 Independent clause - a clause that can stand alone as a sentence. Lessons 246, 247, 248, 249, & 250 Indirect object - an object that is really part of a prepositional phrase in which the preposition to or for is not stated but understood. It tells to whom or for whom something is done. The indirect object always comes between the verb and the direct object. Example: She gave me a gift. The indirect object always modifies the verb. It may have modifiers and be compound. It is used with verbs such as give, tell, send, get, buy, show, build, do, make, save, and read. Example: She sent the man and me a gift. Lessons 191, 192, 193, & 194 Infinitive - a verbal that is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten. Lessons 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, & 240 Infinitive phrase - a phrase that is made up of an infinitive and any complements (direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives, or modifiers). An infinitive phrase that comes at the beginning of the sentence is always followed by a comma and modifies the subject of the sentence. Example: To eat solid foods is hard for babies. To eat is the noun infinitive used as the subject of the verb is, and it has its own direct object foods with the adjective solid, which together make up the infinitive phrase to eat solid foods serving as the subject of the sentence. Lessons 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, & 240 Intensive pronouns are the personal pronouns myself, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, and themselves. An example would be: Carl, himself, won the race. Lesson 25 Interjection - a word or word group that shows feeling. A comma follows a mild interjection; a strong interjection is followed by an exclamation mark. Interjections do not fit grammatically with the rest of the sentence. They are never the subject and they come at the beginning of a sentence. Examples: Well, we will soon be home. Oh! I didn't know he had died. Lessons 85 & 97 Back to top
Group 1: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
Group 2: has, have, had
Group 3: do, does, did
Group 4: shall, will, should, would
Group 5: may, might, must, can, could Imperative sentence - a sentence that gives a command or makes a request. Examples: Hand it in now. Stop. Lessons 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 332, & 335 Indefinite pronouns point out generally, instead of pointing out specifically. Indefinite pronouns include such words as another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, many, neither, nobody, none, no one, one, other, others, some, somebody, and someone. Lessons 28 & 30 Independent clause - a clause that can stand alone as a sentence. Lessons 246, 247, 248, 249, & 250 Indirect object - an object that is really part of a prepositional phrase in which the preposition to or for is not stated but understood. It tells to whom or for whom something is done. The indirect object always comes between the verb and the direct object. Example: She gave me a gift. The indirect object always modifies the verb. It may have modifiers and be compound. It is used with verbs such as give, tell, send, get, buy, show, build, do, make, save, and read. Example: She sent the man and me a gift. Lessons 191, 192, 193, & 194 Infinitive - a verbal that is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten. Lessons 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, & 240 Infinitive phrase - a phrase that is made up of an infinitive and any complements (direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives, or modifiers). An infinitive phrase that comes at the beginning of the sentence is always followed by a comma and modifies the subject of the sentence. Example: To eat solid foods is hard for babies. To eat is the noun infinitive used as the subject of the verb is, and it has its own direct object foods with the adjective solid, which together make up the infinitive phrase to eat solid foods serving as the subject of the sentence. Lessons 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, & 240 Intensive pronouns are the personal pronouns myself, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, and themselves. An example would be: Carl, himself, won the race. Lesson 25 Interjection - a word or word group that shows feeling. A comma follows a mild interjection; a strong interjection is followed by an exclamation mark. Interjections do not fit grammatically with the rest of the sentence. They are never the subject and they come at the beginning of a sentence. Examples: Well, we will soon be home. Oh! I didn't know he had died. Lessons 85 & 97 Back to top
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Interrogative pronouns ask questions. Who, whom, whose,
which, and what are interrogative pronouns. Lessons
29 &
30
Interrogative sentence - a sentence that asks a question.
Example: Do you know that man? Lessons 91, 94, 333, &
335
Intransitive complete are all the verbs that don't fit one of the
other kinds of transitive or intransitive verbs. Examples: The bell rang
suddenly. The girl knitted all evening (there is no receiver of the
action). They were here (no action or predicate nominative or predicate
adjective). Lessons
116,
117,
118,
119,
120, &
125
Intransitive linking are sentences with a predicate nominative or predicate adjective. Examples: The girl is Mary (predicate nominative). The girl is cute (predicate adjective). Lessons
116,
117,
118,
119,
120, &
125
Intransitive verbs have no receiver of the action. They are
classified as intransitive complete or intransitive linking. Lessons
116,
117,
118,
119,
120, &
125
Introductory there - to be an introductory there, it must
meet these rules: 1) It must be the first word of a sentence (Sometimes
a prepositional phrase out of its normal order can come before it.); 2)
It cannot mean where; 3) It must be with a state of being verb; and 4)
The subject will always come after the verb in such a sentence.
The introductory there doesn't fit grammatically with the rest of
the sentence, as we will find most other words do. Lessons
96 &
97
Linking verbs (state of being verbs) show that something exists; they do not show action. Some common linking verbs include: is,
am, are, was, were, be, being,
been, seem, look, feel, and become. Lessons
2,
3,
5,
10, &
15
Mass nouns are nouns that are not countable and include words like gasoline,
water, and dirt. Lesson 20
Nominative case pronouns are I, she, he, we, they,
and who. They are used as subjects, predicate nominatives,
and appositives when used with a subject or predicate nominative. Lessons
136,
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142,
143,
144, &
145
Noun - a word that names a person, place, or thing. Examples of
nouns include: man, city, book, and courage.
Nouns often follow words like a, an, and the. Lessons
16,
17,
18,
19, &
20
Noun adjuncts - nouns used as adjective or nouns used to describe
another noun,. They tell us whose or what kind. Lesson 33
Noun clause - a dependent clause that can be used in the same way
as a noun or pronoun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative,
direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the
preposition. Some of the words that introduce noun clauses
are that, whether, who, why, whom, what, how, when, whoever, where,
and whomever. Notice that some of these words also introduce
adjective and adverb clauses. (To check a noun clause substitute the
pronoun it or the proper form of the pronouns he or she
for the noun clause.) Examples: I know who said that. (I know it.)
Whoever said it is wrong. (He is wrong.) Sometimes a noun clause is used
without the introductory word. Example: I know that he is here. (I know
he is here.) Lessons
271,
272,
273,
274,
&
275
Noun infinitive - an infinitive that is a noun. Noun infinitives can be a subject (To eat is fun.); a direct object (I like to eat.); a predicate nominative (A fun thing is to eat.); an appositive (My hope, to travel, never happened.); an object of a preposition (I want nothing but to save.) Lessons
216,
217,
218,
219, &
220
Nouns of address (nominatives of address) are the persons or
things to which you are speaking. They are set off from the rest of the
sentence by a comma or commas, may have modifiers, and are not related
to the rest of the sentence grammatically. If they are removed, a
complete sentence remains. They may be first, last, or in the middle of
the sentence. Examples: John, where are you going? Where are you going,
John? Where, John, are you going? Lessons
131,
132,
133,
134, &
135
Object of the preposition - a noun or noun equivalent in a prepositional phrase. Lesson 71
Objective case pronouns are me, her, him, us, them, and whom. They are used as direct objects, indirect objects, objects of the preposition, and appositives when used with one of the objects. (You and it are both nominative and objective case.) Lessons
136,
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142,
143,
144, &
145
Objective complement - a noun or an adjective, which follows the
direct object renaming or modifying it. It is used with verbs like
make, name, call, choose, elect, and appoint. It is not set
off with commas as an appositive is. Example: I call my dog Badger.
A verb that has an objective complement in the active voice
may, in the passive voice, have a predicate nominative or a predicate
adjective. Examples: My dog is called Badger by me. I consider my dog
smart. My dog is considered smart by me. Lessons
196,
197,
198,
199, &
200
Participial adjectives are verb forms used as
adjectives. Examples: the lost mine, the howling wolf. Lesson 34
Participial phrase - a phrase that is made up of a participle and
any complements (direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate
adjectives, or modifiers). A participial phrase that comes at the
beginning of the sentence is always followed by a comma and modifies the
subject of the sentence. Lessons
221,
222,
223,
225,
226,
227,
228,
229,
230,
236,
237,
238,
239,
240,
286,
287,
288,
289, &
290
Participle - a verbal that is an adjective and ends various ways.
A present participle always ends with ing as does the gerund, but
remember that it is an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n,
or irregularly. Examples: played, broken, brought, sung, seeing,
having seen, being seen, seen, having been seen. Participles
modify nouns and pronouns and can precede or follow the word modified. Lessons
221,
222,
223,
225,
226,
227,
228,
229,
230,
236,
237,
238,
239, &
240
Personal pronouns refer to three types of people: the
speaker or speakers, those spoken to, and those spoken
about. Personal pronouns can be singular (one) or plural (two
or more), just as verbs and nouns. Lessons
23,
24,
25, &
30
Phrase - a group of words used as a sentence part. It does not have a subject and a verb. It can be a noun, adjective, or adverb. Some common phrases are prepositional, gerund, participial, and infinitive. Lesson 246
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Positive comparison states a quality of one thing or person. Examples: new, careless, good. Lesson 36
Possessive case pronouns are my, mine, your, yours, his, her,
hers, its, our, ours, your, yours, their, and theirs. They
are used to show ownership. Lessons
136,
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142,
143,
144, &
145
Possessive pronouns are personal pronouns that show whose
something is. Possessive pronouns include: my, mine, your, yours,
his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, and theirs. An example
would be: The money is mine. Mine tells whose money it is. Possessive pronouns never have apostrophes, but possessive nouns do.
Do not confuse the possessive personal pronouns its, your,
and their with the contractions it's (it is, it has),
you're (you are), and they're (they are). Lesson 23
Possessives are the adjectives my, our, your, and their
(the possessives are from the possessive pronoun list, but are
always used with nouns as adjectives). Lesson 31
Predicate adjective - an adjective which comes after a linking verb and modifies the subject (most adjectives come before the noun or pronoun they modify). Lesson 155
Predicate nominative (predicate noun) - a word that
completes a linking verb and renames the subject. It is a complement
or completer, because it completes the verb. Predicate
nominatives complete only linking verbs. The linking verbs include
the following: the helping verbs is, am, are, was, were, be, being,
and been; the sense verbs look, taste, smell, feel,
and sound; and verbs like become, seem, appear, grow,
continue, stay, and turn. The word equals can always
replace the verb in a sentence having a predicate nominative. Example:
Mr. Johanson is a teacher. Mr. Johanson equals a teacher.
Lessons
101,
102,
103,
104, &
105
Preposition - a word that begins a prepositional phrase
and shows the relationship between its object and another word in the
sentence. Words are prepositions if they have an object to complete
them. To decide if the word in question is a preposition, say the
preposition followed by whom or what. If a noun or a
pronoun answers the question, the word is a preposition. If there
is no noun or pronoun to complete the sentence, the word is not a
preposition. Lessons
71,
72, &
75
Prepositional phrase - a phrase that starts with a preposition,
ends with an object, and may have modifiers between the
preposition and object of the preposition. Lessons
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
176,
177,
178,
179,
180,
181,
182,
183,
184, &
185
Pronominal adjectives are pronouns used as adjectives. Lesson 32
Pronoun - a word that replaces a noun, or a group of words used as nouns. Lessons
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
136,
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142,
143,
144, &
145
Proper nouns name a special person, place, or thing and begin with capital letters. Nouns are grouped into two general classifications: proper and common. All nouns that begin with small letters and are considered common. Lesson 18
Qualifiers are adverbs that strengthen or weaken the words they modify. Lessons
46 &
61
Relative pronouns join dependent clauses to independent clauses. Relative pronouns include: who, whose, whom, which, and that.
Example: He found his money that he had lost. That
joins the two clauses together into one sentence. Lessons
26 &
30
Reflexive pronouns - The personal pronouns myself, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, and themselves are compound personal pronouns, combining the personal pronoun with self or selves. For example: Carl hurt himself. Lesson 24
State of being verbs (linking verbs) show that something exists; they do not show action. Some common linking verbs include: is,
am, are, was, were, be, being,
been, seem, look, feel, and become. Lessons
2,
3,
5,
10, &
15
Second person pronouns are when the pronoun refers to people who
are spoken to. Second person pronouns include: you, your,
yours, yourself, yourselves. They are also considered personal
pronouns. Lessons 21
Sentence - a group of words expressing a complete thought, and it must have a
subject and a verb (predicate - some grammar books use the
word predicate, but we will use verb). A verb shows action
or state of being. Examples: The bell rang. The boy is
here. The subject tells who or what about the verb. Examples: The
bell rang. The boy is here. There are four kinds of
sentences: declarative, imperative, interrogative, and
exclamatory. Lessons 91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96,
97,
98,
99,
100, 246,
247,
248,
249,
250,
251,
286,
287,
288,
289,
290,
291,
292,
293,
294,
& 295
Subject - a word that tells who or what about the verb. When finding the subject
and the verb in a sentence, always find the verb first and then
say who or what followed by the verb. Example: The bell
rang. Find the verb - rang. Now say who or what
rang? The bell rang. Bell is the subject. Lessons 91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96,
97,
98,
99,
100,
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106,
107,
108,
109,
&
110
Subordinate conjunctions join dependent clauses to independent clauses. Some common subordinate conjunctions are after, although, as, as if, because, before, if, since, so that, than, unless, until, when, where, and while. Lessons
76 &
84
Superlative form compares more than two things or persons. Examples: newest, most careless, best. Lessons 56,
57, &
58
Third person pronouns are when the pronoun refers
to those spoken about. Third person pronouns include: he, his, him,
himself, she, her, hers, herself, it, its, itself, they, their, theirs,
them, themselves. They are also considered personal pronouns. Lessons 21
Transitive active verbs are the verbs in sentences with a
direct object. Example: The boy kicked the ball. The subject is the doer
and the direct object is the receiver of the action. Lessons
116,
117,
118,
119,
120,
121,
122,
123,
124,
&
125
Transitive passive verbs have the subject receiving the action with the doer in a prepositional phrase or omitted in the sentence. Examples: The ball was kicked by the boy. The ball was kicked hard. The verb in the transitive passive voice always has is, am, are, was, were, be, being, or been as an auxiliary or helping verb. Lessons
116,
117,
118,
119,
120,
121,
122,
123,
124,
&
125
Transitive verbs are verbs that have subjects or objects that receive an action. They are either active voice or passive voice. Lessons
116,
117,
118,
119,
120,
121,
122,
123,
124,
&
125
Verb phrase is when a verb is more than one word. Using auxiliary or helping verbs makes verb phrases. Lessons 4,
6, &
15
Verbal - a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives. Lessons
206,
207,
208,
209,
210,
211,
212,
213,
214,
215,
216,
217,
218,
219,
220,
221,
222,
223,
224,
225,
226,
227,
228,
229,
230,
231,
232,
233,
234,
235,
236,
237,
238,
239, &
240
Verbs show action or state of being. Most verbs are action words, but a few verbs indicate state of being or existence. Lessons
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96,
97,
98,
99,
100,
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106,
107,
108,
109,
110,
116,
117,
118,
119,
120,
121,
122,
123,
124,
125,
286,
287,
288,
289, &
290
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